A deterministic model combining NDT to estimate permissible bending loads on trees

Abstract The stability of trees is the subject numerous studies, as their loss poses a threat to life and limb. Bending loads are responsible for two most common failure modes: uprooting stem break. Uprooting strongly related soil conditions, water saturation root system itself. These parameters difficult measure in situ. Since both modes result vitality, arguments from evolutionary theory suggest that roots stems should have similar load limits under normal conditions. Therefore, we propose deterministic model estimate allowable bending European beech (Fagus sylvatica). assumes non‐linear stress distribution cross section. Destructive tests show damage progresses three stages. Furthermore, local compressive tensile strength fibre direction crucial determine ultimate load. cannot be measured by NDT, experimental data large‐scale used relate this parameter NDT data. This provides method determining risk tree, example urban areas. It also useful estimating limit engineering on trees.